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Orangeburg pipe, sometimes called bituminous fiber pipe, was made by layering wood pulp and paper, saturating it with coal tar, and compressing it into a rigid tube. It was manufactured in Orangeburg, New York, which is where the name comes from.
Compared to cast iron or clay, Orangeburg was lightweight and fast to install, making it attractive during periods of rapid homebuilding. Over time, however, the material breaks down. As it ages, Orangeburg can soften, blister inside, lose its round shape, and separate at seams, allowing roots to enter.
These changes often lead to slow drains, recurring clogs, and, in some cases, pipe collapse. Because the pipe is buried, the most reliable way to confirm Orangeburg without digging is a sewer camera inspection, which allows a plumber to identify its layered, fibrous interior and assess its condition.
Orangeburg pipe is made from layers of wood pulp and paper bonded together with coal tar and compressed into shape. The tar acted as a binder and moisture barrier, while the paper provided structure. When new, it held up reasonably well for its cost and weight.
Over time, moisture, soil pressure, temperature changes, and roots take a toll. The pipe can go out of round, develop internal blisters, soften, and allow roots to push through weak points. These durability issues are why Orangeburg was eventually phased out in favor of stronger materials like clay, cast iron, PVC, and ABS.
Orangeburg pipe was commonly installed from the late 1930s through the early 1970s, especially for residential sewer laterals, the underground line that carries wastewater from a home to the public sewer. Builders favored it because it was affordable, light, and quick to install, which mattered during large housing booms and material shortages.
Spokane and surrounding communities saw steady growth from the 1940s through the 1960s, right when Orangeburg was widely available. Many homes built during that time still have their original sewer laterals, which means Orangeburg pipe remains common underground today.
Even in homes where part of the sewer line was replaced, short sections of Orangeburg can still remain near the house or under driveways. A camera inspection is the only way to know for sure..
Above ground, Orangeburg pipe appears dark brown or black with a dull, fibrous surface. Inside, it looks rough compared to modern plastic pipe. Most residential lines are 4 to 6 inches in diameter.
Here’s how it compares to other materials:
During a camera inspection, plumbers look for flattened sections, internal blisters, separating layers, and root intrusion, all common signs of Orangeburg.
Orangeburg is usually found in the sewer lateral running from the house to the street. It may pass under the yard, driveway, or foundation.
Clues that Orangeburg may be present include:
If you’re unsure, a professional sewer camera inspection is the most reliable way to identify the pipe and evaluate its condition.
Orangeburg pipe typically lasts 30 to 50 years, which is significantly shorter than modern sewer materials. As it ages, the pipe softens, loses its round shape, and separates at seams. This deterioration allows roots to enter and restrict flow, often leading to repeated clogs and eventual collapse.
If you’re researching Orangeburg because you suspect a problem, early inspection can help you plan repairs or replacement before an emergency occurs.
There’s no need to panic, but awareness matters. Some Orangeburg lines continue to function for a time, especially in stable soil with fewer roots. However, given the material’s age and known weaknesses, monitoring and planning ahead is wise.
Common warning signs include recurring backups, returning root clogs, sewer odors, damp or sunken areas in the yard, and camera findings such as flattening or internal blistering.
Compared to modern options like PVC or ABS, Orangeburg is more prone to deformation, root intrusion, and collapse. Newer materials offer smoother interiors, stronger structure, and significantly longer lifespans when installed correctly.
| Material | Typical Traits | Common Issues | Relative Longevity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orangeburg (bituminous fibre) | Lightweight, layered paper and wood pulp bonded with tar | Deformation, blisters, delamination, root intrusion, collapse | Shorter lifespan (often 30–50 years) |
| PVC/ABS | Rigid plastic, smooth interior, corrosion-resistant | Improper joints, damage from heavy loads if not properly bedded | Long lifespan when installed correctly |
| Vitrified clay | Ceramic sections, chemically resistant | Root intrusion at joints, brittle if disturbed | Long lifespan with intact joints |
| Cast iron | Strong, heavy, good for certain applications | Corrosion, scale buildup over decades | Long lifespan; depends on environment |
If you suspect Orangeburg pipe:
Orangeburg pipe was affordable and easy to install in its time, but it wasn’t built to last for decades. If your home was built in the mid-20th century, confirming what’s in your sewer line can help you avoid unexpected problems down the road.
A professional camera inspection shows exactly what condition the pipe is in and gives you a clear path forward. You’ll know whether monitoring makes sense or if it’s time to plan for repair or replacement, on your terms, not during an emergency.
At Mainstream, we believe in solutions, not surprises. When you call us, we’ll explain what we see, answer your questions in plain language, and help you make the right call for your home. If you’re unsure what’s under your yard or you’re starting to notice warning signs, reach out to Mainstream and get clear answers you can trust.